Infreemation infreemation

The legal limits of creativity explored: Recut Reframe Recycle法律的范围内创造性探索： recut重新循环

Danah Boyd danah博伊德 points out that the指出，该 center for social media中心为社会媒体 has released an informative paper entitled已发布了翔实的文件，题为 Recut Reframe Recycle recut重新循环 concerning the boundaries of fair use (fair dealing in Canada) in digital media.关于边界的合理使用（公平交易在加拿大）在数字媒体的需求。

Types of use they point out:类型的使用他们指出：
• Parody and satire •模仿和讽刺
• Negative or critical commentary •负面的评论或批评
• Positive commentary •积极评
• Quoting to trigger discussion •引用引发讨论
• Illustration or example •说明或例子
• Incidental use •附带使用
• Personal reportage or diaries •个人或报告文学的日记
• Archiving of vulnerable or revealing materials •归档脆弱或揭示材料
• Pastiche or collage • pastiche或拼贴

Some of these can push the limits of fair use, take for example DJ Danger Mouse’s Grey Album (a mix of the Beatle’s White Album and Jay-Z’s The Black Album) which I discussed in一些这些可以推动的界限，合理使用，例如鼠标的DJ危险的灰色相簿（组合的披头四的白色相簿和Jay - Z的黑色专辑） ，我讨论了在 Mashups: from hobby to art form to controversy mashups ：从业余爱好，以艺术形式争议 . 。

The report concludes:该报告的结论是：

Some of these practices also fit comfortably into the evolving pattern of fair use jurisprudence.一些这些做法也适合从容地到不断变化的模式，合理使用的判例。 By contrast, other video makers appropriate material wholesale and without context or comment, in ways that clearly are not fair use.相比之下，其他影片制作的适当材料批发及无背景或评论，在方式显然是不公平的使用。 In all these cases, informed judgment on fair use, following established precedent, should be relatively straightforward.在所有这些情况下，知情的判断，合理使用，按照既定的先例，应该是相对比较直截的。 Many times, however, for instance within the category that our researchers called “pastiche or collage,” creators are developing practices that are at or near the boundaries of contemporary fair use analysis.很多次，但是，例如内部的类别，我们的研究人员所谓的“ pastiche或拼贴， ”创作者是发展中国家的做法，正处于或接近边界当代公平使用的分析。 Traditional fair use analysis would neither definitively exclude nor include them—at least until there is a better understanding of motive, context, circulation, and use of the new works.传统的公平使用的分析，既不明确，也不排除包括他们-至少直到有一个更好地了解动机，背景，流通，使用新的工程。 Since fair use doctrine evolves with creative practice, these borderline cases provide important areas for future research and analysis.由于合理使用原则的演进与创造性的实践，这些边缘案件提供了重要的地区，为今后的研究和分析。

They call for “a code of best practices around fair use in online video needs to be articulated, both to educate new makers and to provide guidance for regulators private and public.” It will be a contentious process to push for more definition in the massive legal grey areas that exist in copyright law regarding fair dealing but it has such big implications for the (legal) limits of creativity that creators everywhere should be pushing hard for clarity.他们呼吁“代码的最佳做法左右，合理使用在在线视频需要加以阐述，既要教育新的决策者和提供指导，监管私营和公营” ，这将是一个具争议性的过程，推动更多的定义，在庞大的法律的灰色地带，存在的著作权法中有关公平交易，但它这么大的影响为（法律）限制创造力的创作者，到处应努力推动的清晰度。 Unfortunately the effect of the law thus far has been largely the reverse: Danah gives a good background on why this is such a critical issue in the USA currently:可惜的影响，该法迄今已在很大程度上扭转： danah提供了良好的背景，为什么这是一个至关重要的问题，在美国目前：

fair use is quite tricky because courts address it on a case by case basis after someone is sued.合理使用是相当棘手，因为法院解决这个问题就按个别情况后，有人被起诉。 There is no list of what constitutes fair use.有没有名单什么构成合理使用。 Thus, remixers engaging in practices that would collectively be viewed as fair use never have certainty that what they’re doing is legal.因此， remixers ，从事的做法，将集体被看作是公平使用从来没有肯定他们在做什么是合法的。 Because court cases are extremely costly (especially for the lone defendant in the face of Big Mega Corp), corporations can wield a lot of power through the egregious use of “Cease and Desist” letters.因为法院的案件是非常昂贵（尤其是对孤独的被告，在面对大米加公司） ，公司可以掌握了很多权力，通过恶劣的使用“停止和”字母。 Most creators bow down in the face of them even if what they’re doing is totally legit because they are terrified of being sued.大部分的创作者低头下来，在面对他们，即使他们在做什么，是完全合法，因为他们害怕被起诉。 In legal terms, a “chilling effect” is when practices are squelched by fear of persecution.从法律上讲， “寒蝉效应”是当的做法是squelched恐惧迫害。 Right now, when it comes to remix, we’re in the middle of an ice age.现在，当谈到混音，我们在中东的一个冰河时代。 The Chilling Effects Clearinghouse冷的影响，票据交换所 website attempts to counteract some of this effect by collecting and publishing Cease and Desists and other nefarious attempts by corporations to silence fans and critics.网站的企图，以抗衡的一些效果，通过收集和发布停止和desists和其他邪恶的企图公司的沉默和球迷的批评。

This problem is increasingly relevant to Canadians as a US-corporation sympathetic government in Canada enables and encourages such business practices.这个问题是会越来越紧密相关的加拿大人作为一个美公司表示同情，政府在加拿大使，并鼓励这样的商业惯例。