Infreemation infreemation

The legal limits of creativity explored: Recut Reframe Recycle法律的範圍內創造性探索： recut重新循環

Danah Boyd danah博伊德 points out that the指出，該 center for social media中心為社會媒體 has released an informative paper entitled已發布了翔實的文件，題為 Recut Reframe Recycle recut重新循環 concerning the boundaries of fair use (fair dealing in Canada) in digital media.關於邊界的合理使用（公平交易在加拿大）在數字媒體的需求。

Types of use they point out:類型的使用他們指出：
• Parody and satire •模仿和諷刺
• Negative or critical commentary •負面的評論或批評
• Positive commentary •積極評
• Quoting to trigger discussion •引用引發討論
• Illustration or example •說明或例子
• Incidental use •附帶使用
• Personal reportage or diaries •個人或報告文學的日記
• Archiving of vulnerable or revealing materials •歸檔脆弱或揭示材料
• Pastiche or collage • pastiche或拼貼

Some of these can push the limits of fair use, take for example DJ Danger Mouse’s Grey Album (a mix of the Beatle’s White Album and Jay-Z’s The Black Album) which I discussed in一些這些可以推動的界限，合理使用，例如鼠標的DJ危險的灰色相簿（組合的披頭四的白色相簿和Jay - Z的黑色專輯） ，我討論了在 Mashups: from hobby to art form to controversy mashups ：從業餘愛好，以藝術形式爭議 . 。

The report concludes:該報告的結論是：

Some of these practices also fit comfortably into the evolving pattern of fair use jurisprudence.一些這些做法也適合從容地到不斷變化的模式，合理使用的判例。 By contrast, other video makers appropriate material wholesale and without context or comment, in ways that clearly are not fair use.相比之下，其他影片製作的適當材料批發及無背景或評論，在方式顯然是不公平的使用。 In all these cases, informed judgment on fair use, following established precedent, should be relatively straightforward.在所有這些情況下，知情的判斷，合理使用，按照既定的先例，應該是相對比較直截的。 Many times, however, for instance within the category that our researchers called “pastiche or collage,” creators are developing practices that are at or near the boundaries of contemporary fair use analysis.很多次，但是，例如內部的類別，我們的研究人員所謂的“ pastiche或拼貼， ”創作者是發展中國家的做法，正處於或接近邊界當代公平使用的分析。 Traditional fair use analysis would neither definitively exclude nor include them—at least until there is a better understanding of motive, context, circulation, and use of the new works.傳統的公平使用的分析，既不明確，也不排除包括他們-至少直到有一個更好地了解動機，背景，流通，使用新的工程。 Since fair use doctrine evolves with creative practice, these borderline cases provide important areas for future research and analysis.由於合理使用原則的演進與創造性的實踐，這些邊緣案件提供了重要的地區，為今後的研究和分析。

They call for “a code of best practices around fair use in online video needs to be articulated, both to educate new makers and to provide guidance for regulators private and public.” It will be a contentious process to push for more definition in the massive legal grey areas that exist in copyright law regarding fair dealing but it has such big implications for the (legal) limits of creativity that creators everywhere should be pushing hard for clarity.他們呼籲“代碼的最佳做法左右，合理使用在在線視頻需要加以闡述，既要教育新的決策者和提供指導，監管私營和公營” ，這將是一個具爭議性的過程，推動更多的定義，在龐大的法律的灰色地帶，存在的著作權法中有關公平交易，但它這麼大的影響為（法律）限制創造力的創作者，到處應努力推動的清晰度。 Unfortunately the effect of the law thus far has been largely the reverse: Danah gives a good background on why this is such a critical issue in the USA currently:可惜的影響，該法迄今已在很大程度上扭轉： danah提供了良好的背景，為什麼這是一個至關重要的問題，在美國目前：

fair use is quite tricky because courts address it on a case by case basis after someone is sued.合理使用是相當棘手，因為法院解決這個問題就按個別情況後，有人被起訴。 There is no list of what constitutes fair use.有沒有名單什麼構成合理使用。 Thus, remixers engaging in practices that would collectively be viewed as fair use never have certainty that what they’re doing is legal.因此， remixers ，從事的做法，將集體被看作是公平使用從來沒有肯定他們在做什麼是合法的。 Because court cases are extremely costly (especially for the lone defendant in the face of Big Mega Corp), corporations can wield a lot of power through the egregious use of “Cease and Desist” letters.因為法院的案件是非常昂貴（尤其是對孤獨的被告，在面對大米加公司） ，公司可以掌握了很多權力，通過惡劣的使用“停止和”字母。 Most creators bow down in the face of them even if what they’re doing is totally legit because they are terrified of being sued.大部分的創作者低頭下來，在面對他們，即使他們在做什麼，是完全合法，因為他們害怕被起訴。 In legal terms, a “chilling effect” is when practices are squelched by fear of persecution.從法律上講， “寒蟬效應”是當的做法是squelched恐懼迫害。 Right now, when it comes to remix, we’re in the middle of an ice age.現在，當談到混音，我們在中東的一個冰河時代。 The Chilling Effects Clearinghouse冷的影響，票據交換所 website attempts to counteract some of this effect by collecting and publishing Cease and Desists and other nefarious attempts by corporations to silence fans and critics.網站的企圖，以抗衡的一些效果，通過收集和發布停止和desists和其他邪惡的企圖公司的沉默和球迷的批評。

This problem is increasingly relevant to Canadians as a US-corporation sympathetic government in Canada enables and encourages such business practices.這個問題是會越來越緊密相關的加拿大人作為一個美公司表示同情，政府在加拿大使，並鼓勵這樣的商業慣例。